Are you considering buying a new home? The mortgage stress test is an essential aspect of the homebuying process in Canada. It helps determine whether you can afford your mortgage payments, even if interest rates increase. To make this process easier and more accurate, Canada has introduced a new mortgage stress test calculator.
This new calculator is designed to give potential homebuyers a realistic understanding of their financial capabilities before committing to a mortgage. By inputting your income, expenses, and other relevant financial information, the calculator can determine if you have the means to withstand potential interest rate hikes and continue making mortgage payments comfortably.
The mortgage stress test calculator takes into account a variety of factors such as your annual income, monthly expenses, and loan details. It then calculates your Total Debt Service (TDS) ratio, which should ideally be no higher than 44%. The calculator also calculates your Gross Debt Service (GDS) ratio, which should ideally be no higher than 39%. These ratios help gauge your ability to manage your mortgage payments while still meeting your other financial obligations.
Using the new mortgage stress test calculator is a wise move for anyone considering homeownership in Canada. It can help you make an informed decision about your budget and avoid the risk of financial stress down the line. By understanding the potential impact of fluctuating interest rates on your mortgage, you can ensure a more stable and comfortable future in your new home.
Mortgage Stress Test Calculator
Calculating the financial stress of a mortgage can be daunting, especially with the recent changes in mortgage regulations in Canada. To ensure that borrowers can handle any future interest rate increases, the Canadian government introduced a new stress test for mortgage applicants.
The new stress test requires borrowers to qualify for a mortgage at a higher interest rate than the one they are applying for. This is to ensure that they can still make their mortgage payments if interest rates rise in the future.
How Does the Mortgage Stress Test Work?
The mortgage stress test assesses whether borrowers can afford their mortgage payments if interest rates were to increase. It calculates the maximum amount the borrower can afford to pay based on their income, monthly expenses, and debts.
The new stress test is based on the higher of either the Bank of Canada’s five-year benchmark rate or the contractual mortgage rate plus 2%. This means that borrowers must prove they can afford their mortgage payments at a higher interest rate than they will actually receive.
Why is the Mortgage Stress Test Important?
The mortgage stress test is important because it helps protect borrowers from taking on more debt than they can handle. By ensuring that borrowers can afford their mortgage payments even if interest rates rise, it reduces the risk of default and financial stress.
By using Canada’s new stress test calculator, borrowers can determine if they qualify for a mortgage and how much they can borrow. The calculator takes into account various factors such as income, debts, and expenses to provide an accurate assessment of the borrower’s financial situation.
With the mortgage stress test calculator, borrowers can make informed decisions about their mortgage application and avoid taking on more debt than they can comfortably handle. It helps them understand the potential impact of rising interest rates and plan accordingly.
What is the Mortgage Stress Test?
The new mortgage stress test is a test that potential buyers in Canada need to pass in order to qualify for a mortgage. It is a financial calculation that estimates whether you would be able to make your mortgage payments if interest rates were to rise. This test is designed to ensure that borrowers can still afford their mortgage payments in the event of increased interest rates or financial hardships.
The mortgage stress test helps protect home buyers from taking on too much debt and ensures they can still meet their financial obligations. It is an important tool in determining how much mortgage a borrower can afford and helps prevent excessive borrowing that could lead to financial difficulties in the future.
The new calculator provided by the Canadian government allows potential buyers to input their financial information and see if they pass the stress test. This calculator takes into account factors such as income, expenses, and interest rates to determine if a borrower would be able to manage their mortgage payments. It provides a realistic assessment of a borrower’s ability to handle potential interest rate increases.
Why is the Mortgage Stress Test necessary?
The mortgage stress test is necessary to ensure the stability of Canada’s housing market and protect borrowers from taking on excessive debt. It helps prevent irresponsible lending practices and ensures that home buyers are not taking on more debt than they can handle.
How does the Mortgage Stress Test work?
The mortgage stress test works by using higher interest rates to calculate the maximum amount of mortgage a borrower can afford. The test assumes that the borrower will need to make higher mortgage payments to account for potential interest rate increases. This ensures that the borrower can still afford their mortgage payments even if interest rates go up.
If a borrower passes the stress test, it means they have sufficient income and financial stability to handle potential interest rate increases. If a borrower does not pass the stress test, it may indicate that they need to adjust their budget or consider a smaller mortgage to ensure they can afford their monthly payments.
Why is the Mortgage Stress Test important?
The new mortgage stress test calculator is an important tool for potential homebuyers in Canada. This calculator measures a borrower’s ability to withstand financial stress by assessing their ability to make mortgage payments if interest rates were to rise.
The mortgage stress test is important because it helps protect borrowers from taking on more debt than they can afford. It ensures that borrowers are financially prepared for potential increases in interest rates, preventing them from becoming overextended and potentially facing foreclosure.
By using the calculator, potential homebuyers can determine the maximum mortgage amount they can qualify for based on their income, expenses, and other financial obligations. This allows them to make more informed decisions when shopping for a home and to avoid taking on a mortgage that could become unmanageable in the future if interest rates were to rise.
The mortgage stress test calculator takes into account the current interest rates, the mortgage term, the amortization period, and the borrower’s income and debt obligations. It calculates the maximum mortgage amount based on the borrower’s ability to withstand a potential increase in interest rates.
In summary, the mortgage stress test is an important tool for potential homebuyers in Canada. It helps protect borrowers from taking on more debt than they can afford and ensures they are financially prepared for potential increases in interest rates. By using the calculator, borrowers can make more informed decisions and avoid taking on a mortgage that could become unmanageable in the future.
How does the Mortgage Stress Test work?
The Mortgage Stress Test is a new tool used by the Canadian government to determine if borrowers can handle an increase in interest rates. It is a calculation that assesses the ability of borrowers to make mortgage payments at a higher interest rate than the one they applied for. This test is conducted to ensure that borrowers are prepared for any potential increase in mortgage rates in the future.
Why is the Mortgage Stress Test important?
The purpose of the Mortgage Stress Test is to protect both borrowers and lenders. By stress-testing borrowers’ financial situation, they are less likely to be put in a vulnerable position where they struggle to make their mortgage payments if interest rates rise. It also prevents borrowers from taking on more debt than they can handle, minimizing the risk of default.
How is the Mortgage Stress Test calculated?
The Mortgage Stress Test is calculated by adding 2% to the current mortgage rate or the Bank of Canada’s 5-year benchmark rate, whichever is higher. This simulates a potential increase in interest rates, ensuring that borrowers can afford their mortgage payments even in a higher rate environment.
For example, if the current mortgage rate is 3%, the Mortgage Stress Test will calculate the borrower’s ability to make payments at a rate of 5% (3% + 2%). If the Bank of Canada’s 5-year benchmark rate is higher than the current mortgage rate, it will be used instead.
Note: The Mortgage Stress Test is only applicable to borrowers who have a down payment of less than 20% and require mortgage insurance. Borrowers with a down payment of 20% or more are exempt from the test.
In conclusion, the Mortgage Stress Test is an important tool in assessing borrowers’ ability to make mortgage payments in a higher interest rate environment. It helps protect borrowers from potential financial stress and ensures responsible lending practices.
What are the eligibility requirements for the Mortgage Stress Test?
In order to use Canada’s new mortgage stress test calculator, you must meet certain eligibility requirements. These requirements are put in place to ensure that borrowers are able to withstand any future financial stress that may arise. Here are the key eligibility requirements for the mortgage stress test:
1. Provides documentation of their income: To qualify for the mortgage stress test, you will need to provide documentation of your income. This could include pay stubs, bank statements, or other sources of income.
2. Has a good credit score: Lenders will typically look at your credit score when assessing your eligibility for the mortgage stress test. A good credit score demonstrates your ability to manage debt and make timely payments.
3. Fits within the debt service ratios: The mortgage stress test takes into account your debt service ratios, which compare your monthly debt payments to your monthly income. Lenders typically look for borrowers who have a debt service ratio of 30% or lower.
4. Has a stable employment history: Lenders also prefer borrowers who have a stable employment history. This demonstrates your ability to generate a steady income and makes you a less risky borrower.
5. Meets the minimum down payment requirements: The mortgage stress test also requires borrowers to meet the minimum down payment requirements set by the government. This typically ranges from 5% to 20% of the purchase price.
6. Can demonstrate their ability to handle interest rate increases: The primary purpose of the mortgage stress test is to determine if a borrower can handle potential interest rate increases. This means you must be able to demonstrate that you can afford the mortgage payments even if interest rates were to rise.
If you meet these eligibility requirements, you can use Canada’s new mortgage stress test calculator to determine how much you can afford to borrow and whether you pass the test.
How to calculate your Mortgage Stress Test?
The new mortgage stress test in Canada is a measurement used by banks and other lenders to determine if borrowers can afford their mortgage payments in the event of an interest rate increase. This stress test ensures that borrowers are financially prepared and can comfortably repay their loans even in difficult financial situations.
To calculate your mortgage stress test, you will need to gather the following information:
- Your gross annual income
- Your monthly debt obligations, such as credit card payments, car loans, and other loans
- The type of mortgage you are considering, whether it’s a fixed-rate or variable-rate mortgage
- The current interest rates offered by lenders
- The maximum amortization period for the mortgage you are seeking
Once you have gathered this information, you can use an online mortgage stress test calculator provided by banks or financial institutions. These calculators take into account your income, debts, interest rates, and amortization period to determine the maximum mortgage amount you can afford.
The calculator will show you the maximum mortgage amount you can qualify for based on the stress test. It is important to note that this amount may be lower than what you initially expected or what you have been pre-approved for. This is because the stress test takes into account potential interest rate increases and ensures that you can still comfortably afford your mortgage payments.
By calculating your mortgage stress test, you can have a clearer understanding of your financial capabilities and make informed decisions when it comes to buying a home. It is essential to prioritize financial stability and ensure that your mortgage payments are manageable even in challenging economic conditions.
What factors should you consider when calculating your Mortgage Stress Test?
When using a calculator to determine your Mortgage Stress Test in Canada, it’s important to take into account several key factors that can affect the results. These factors can include:
- Interest rates: Fluctuations in interest rates can significantly impact your mortgage payments. It’s important to consider both current rates and potential future rate increases when calculating your stress test.
- Loan term: The length of your mortgage term can affect the size of your monthly payments. Shorter terms may have higher payments, while longer terms can spread out the payments.
- Debt payments: Your existing debt obligations, such as credit card debt or car loans, should be considered when calculating your stress test. These payments can affect your ability to meet your mortgage payment obligations.
- Income stability: Your income stability is an important factor to consider. If your income is steady and reliable, you may be able to afford a higher stress test. However, if your income is variable or if you anticipate any changes in the near future, it’s important to factor that into your calculations.
- Other expenses: Consider your other monthly expenses, such as utilities, insurance, and maintenance costs when calculating your stress test. These expenses can impact your ability to meet your mortgage payments.
- Down payment: The size of your down payment can affect the stress test calculation. A larger down payment can lower your required mortgage amount and reduce the stress test result.
- Future financial goals: It’s important to consider your long-term financial goals when calculating your stress test. If you have other financial priorities, such as saving for retirement or education, you may need to adjust your stress test accordingly.
By considering these factors and using a reliable calculator, you can get a better understanding of your affordability and financial capacity when undergoing a Mortgage Stress Test in Canada.
How to use Canada’s new Mortgage Stress Test Calculator?
Canada’s new Mortgage Stress Test Calculator is a powerful tool that allows you to assess your ability to handle mortgage stress. Here’s how you can use it:
Step 1: Open your web browser and go to the official website of Canada’s Mortgage Stress Test Calculator.
Step 2: On the homepage, you will see a form where you can enter your financial information. Fill in the required fields, such as your annual income, monthly expenses, and the mortgage amount you are considering.
Step 3: After filling in the necessary details, click on the “Calculate” button to initiate the stress test calculation.
Step 4: The calculator will analyze the information provided and generate a stress test result. This result will indicate whether you would be able to handle the financial stress caused by the mortgage payments.
Step 5: Pay attention to the stress test result. If it shows that you can comfortably handle the mortgage stress, you can proceed with confidence. However, if the result indicates that you may face difficulty, it may be wise to reconsider your mortgage options or make adjustments to your financial situation.
Step 6: Take note of the stress test result for future reference. It is always a good idea to have a clear understanding of your financial capacity and limitations, especially when it comes to long-term commitments like a mortgage.
By following these steps and utilizing Canada’s new Mortgage Stress Test Calculator, you can gain valuable insights into your financial readiness and make informed decisions about your mortgage options.
What information do you need to input into the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator?
In order to calculate your mortgage stress test using Canada’s new calculator, you will need to input several key pieces of information. These include:
1. Mortgage Details
You will need to provide the following information about your mortgage:
| Mortgage Amount | The total amount of your mortgage loan. |
| Interest Rate | The annual interest rate on your mortgage. |
| Amortization Period | The number of years you have to pay off your mortgage. |
2. Household Income
You will need to input your household income, which includes all sources of income for everyone in your household who will be contributing to the mortgage payments.
3. Other Monthly Expenses
You will also need to provide information about your other monthly expenses, such as:
- Property taxes
- Home insurance
- Utilities
- Debt payments (e.g. credit cards, loans)
By inputting all of this information into the mortgage stress test calculator, you will be able to determine whether you meet Canada’s affordability guidelines for obtaining a mortgage. This new calculator is designed to assess your ability to make mortgage payments in the event of changes to interest rates or your financial circumstances.
What results can you expect from the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator?
The Mortgage Stress Test Calculator is a valuable tool for homeowners and potential homebuyers in Canada. By using this calculator, you can determine whether you would pass the stress test required by lenders to qualify for a mortgage.
The stress test measures your ability to afford mortgage payments at a higher interest rate than what is currently offered in the market. This test helps protect borrowers from taking on too much debt and ensures they can handle potential interest rate increases in the future.
When using the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator, you can expect the following results:
1. Assessment of Your Mortgage Affordability
The calculator will estimate the maximum mortgage amount you can afford based on your current income and expenses. It takes into account your monthly income, monthly debts, and other financial obligations to give you an accurate assessment.
2. Calculation of the Stress Test Qualification
The calculator will determine whether you pass or fail the stress test by comparing your mortgage affordability at a higher interest rate. It considers the Bank of Canada’s qualifying rate, which is typically higher than the actual mortgage rates available in the market.
If you pass the stress test, it means you have a higher likelihood of being approved for a mortgage by lenders. If you fail the stress test, it may indicate that you need to adjust your budget or consider a lower mortgage amount.
By using the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator, you can make informed decisions about your mortgage affordability and plan for potential interest rate increases. It allows you to understand the impact of the stress test on your ability to secure a mortgage in Canada.
How can the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator help you make informed decisions?
Buying a new home can be a stressful process, especially when it comes to obtaining a mortgage. With Canada’s new mortgage stress test, it is important to fully understand your financial situation and how it will be impacted by the new regulations.
That’s where the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator comes in. This powerful tool allows you to input your financial information, including your income, debts, and expenses, and calculates whether you would be able to afford your mortgage payments under the new stress test conditions.
Accurate Results
The Mortgage Stress Test Calculator uses up-to-date data and algorithms to provide accurate results. By taking into account factors such as your income, debts, and expenses, it can calculate your ability to handle the increased mortgage payments resulting from the stress test.
Informed Decisions
By using the calculator, you can gain a clearer understanding of how the new stress test will impact your financial situation. This enables you to make more informed decisions when it comes to choosing a mortgage loan amount, interest rate, and repayment term.
You can adjust various factors in the calculator to see how they affect your ability to afford your mortgage payments. This allows you to explore different scenarios and make decisions that align with your financial goals.
Overall, the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator empowers you to make informed decisions by providing accurate information about your ability to handle the increased mortgage payments. It takes the guesswork out of the equation and gives you the confidence to navigate the home-buying process in Canada’s new mortgage landscape.
What are the limitations of the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator?
The Mortgage Stress Test Calculator, introduced by Canada, is a valuable tool for prospective homebuyers to determine their financial fitness. However, it is important to note that the calculator has certain limitations that should be taken into consideration.
1. Simplified calculations:
The Mortgage Stress Test Calculator uses simplified calculations to estimate mortgage affordability. While it provides a good starting point, it may not capture all the financial complexities of an individual’s situation.
2. Lack of personalized factors:
The calculator does not take into account individual factors such as credit history, outstanding debts, or other financial obligations. These factors can greatly impact a person’s ability to afford a mortgage and should be considered separately.
3. Limited scope:
The Mortgage Stress Test Calculator focuses primarily on the impact of interest rate changes on mortgage affordability. It does not consider other potential expenses such as property taxes, insurance, or maintenance costs.
4. Future market conditions:
The calculator assumes a static interest rate, which may not reflect potential changes in the housing market. Economic factors such as inflation or fluctuations in interest rates can impact mortgage affordability in the long term.
5. Overestimation or underestimation:
As with any financial calculator, the results provided by the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator are based on assumptions and estimations. It is important to consider these results as a rough estimate and consult with a financial advisor for accurate calculations.
While the Mortgage Stress Test Calculator can provide useful insights into mortgage affordability, it is essential to keep in mind its limitations and use it as a guideline rather than a definitive answer to one’s financial situation.
What are the potential implications of failing the Mortgage Stress Test?
Failing the mortgage stress test in Canada can have significant implications for potential homebuyers. The stress test was introduced to ensure that borrowers can afford their mortgage payments even if interest rates increase.
One of the potential implications is that individuals who fail the stress test may not qualify for the mortgage amount they were hoping for. This means that they may need to lower their budget or adjust their expectations when looking for a home. It can be disappointing for those who had their hearts set on a particular property but are unable to secure the necessary financing.
Additionally, failing the stress test may lead to borrowers having to come up with a larger down payment. Since the stress test evaluates a borrower’s ability to make payments based on a higher interest rate, lenders may require a larger down payment to mitigate potential risk. This can be challenging for those who have saved up a specific amount and were not anticipating needing to contribute more upfront.
Failing the stress test can also limit the options available to borrowers. With stricter borrowing guidelines in place, individuals may find that they are unable to qualify for certain types of mortgages or terms. This could mean having to settle for a less desirable mortgage option, such as a higher interest rate or shorter term.
Furthermore, failing the stress test can delay or even prevent individuals from purchasing a home altogether. With limited borrowing options, some potential homebuyers may need to continue renting until they can improve their financial situation or save up a larger down payment.
It is important for potential homebuyers to be aware of the implications of failing the mortgage stress test in Canada. Taking the time to understand the test and its requirements can help individuals better prepare and increase their chances of a successful mortgage application.
How can you improve your chances of passing the Mortgage Stress Test?
Passing the Mortgage Stress Test in Canada is crucial when applying for a mortgage. Here are some tips to improve your chances of passing:
1. Calculate your mortgage stress test with the new calculator
Use Canada’s new calculator to calculate your mortgage stress test. This tool will help you understand how much you can afford and how different factors, such as interest rates, can affect your ability to pass the test.
2. Increase your down payment
If you’re struggling to pass the stress test, consider saving more for a larger down payment. A larger down payment reduces the amount you need to borrow, thus reducing your mortgage payments and improving your chances of passing the test.
3. Pay off existing debts
Reducing your debt-to-income ratio is another way to improve your chances of passing the Mortgage Stress Test. Pay off any outstanding debts or make regular payments to decrease your debt load, making it easier to qualify for a mortgage.
4. Improve your credit score
Your credit score plays a significant role in the mortgage approval process. Pay your bills on time, keep credit card balances low, and avoid applying for new credit. By improving your credit score, you’ll have a better chance of passing the Mortgage Stress Test.
By following these tips and using Canada’s new calculator, you can be better prepared for the Mortgage Stress Test and increase your chances of mortgage approval.
What are some tips for managing mortgage stress?
Buying a home is a significant financial commitment, and managing mortgage stress is crucial to ensure your financial stability. Here are some tips to help you navigate the challenges:
Create a budget
Start by understanding your income and expenses. Use a budget calculator or spreadsheet to track your monthly cash flow. This will give you a clear picture of your financial situation and help you identify areas where you can cut back on expenses.
Save for emergencies
It’s important to have an emergency fund to cover unexpected expenses like repairs or medical bills. Aim to save at least three to six months’ worth of living expenses.
Pay down debt
Paying off high-interest debt, such as credit cards or personal loans, can free up extra money that can be used towards your mortgage payments. Focus on tackling your debts before taking on additional financial obligations.
Consider a shorter mortgage term
While a longer mortgage term may result in lower monthly payments, it can also mean paying more interest over time. If possible, opt for a shorter term to save on interest costs and become mortgage-free sooner.
Get professional advice
Consulting with a mortgage specialist or financial advisor can provide valuable insights and guidance tailored to your specific situation. They can help you understand the mortgage stress test and provide solutions to manage your mortgage stress.
Remember, managing mortgage stress is an ongoing process. Regularly reassess your financial goals and make adjustments as needed to maintain a healthy financial outlook.
Where can you find more information about the Mortgage Stress Test?
If you want to learn more about the mortgage stress test and how it may impact you, there are several reliable sources where you can find detailed information:
1. Government of Canada: Visit the official website of the Government of Canada to access comprehensive information about the new mortgage stress test. You can find details about the parameters, calculations, and eligibility criteria for the test.
2. Financial Institutions: Contact your mortgage lender or financial institution to inquire about the specific policies and guidelines they follow for the mortgage stress test. They will be able to provide you with personalized information and answer any questions you may have.
3. Mortgage Brokers: Consult with a reputable mortgage broker who specializes in the Canadian housing market. They have extensive knowledge about the mortgage stress test and can explain how it may affect your borrowing capacity.
4. Online Resources: There are several reputable websites that offer information and resources about the mortgage stress test. Look for websites from reliable sources such as financial institutions, mortgage associations, or government-regulated organizations.
5. News Outlets: Stay informed about the latest developments regarding the mortgage stress test by following news outlets that cover finance and real estate. Newspapers, magazines, and online news platforms often provide in-depth analysis and updates on changes in mortgage regulations.
Remember: When seeking information about the mortgage stress test, it is crucial to rely on credible sources. By doing thorough research and consulting with professionals, you can gain a better understanding of its implications and make informed decisions regarding your mortgage.
What are some alternative options for financing a mortgage if you fail the Stress Test?
If you fail the stress test on Canada’s new mortgage calculator, don’t worry, there are alternative options available for financing a mortgage. While the stress test is designed to ensure you can afford your mortgage payments even if interest rates rise, there are still other avenues you can explore if you do not pass the test.
1. Seek alternative mortgage lenders
One option is to look for alternative mortgage lenders who may have more lenient qualification criteria compared to traditional banks. These lenders can often be more flexible when it comes to income verification and debt service calculations. It’s important to note that alternative lenders may charge higher interest rates and fees, so it’s crucial to carefully consider the terms and understand the financial implications before proceeding.
2. Increase your down payment
If you fail the stress test, another option is to increase your down payment. By increasing the amount you can put towards your mortgage upfront, you decrease the amount you need to borrow, thereby potentially improving your chances of passing the stress test. Additionally, a larger down payment may also help you secure a better interest rate, reducing your overall mortgage costs.
3. Explore co-signers or guarantors
If you have a family member or close friend with a strong financial profile, you may consider asking them to act as a co-signer or guarantor on your mortgage application. This can help boost your overall qualification and provide the lender with more confidence in your ability to repay the loan. However, it’s crucial to thoroughly discuss the financial responsibilities and potential risks involved with the co-signer or guarantor before proceeding.
It’s important to remember that failing the stress test does not mean you won’t be able to secure a mortgage. It simply means you may need to explore alternative options and potentially make adjustments to your financial strategy. Consulting with a mortgage professional or financial advisor can provide valuable guidance and insights into the best course of action based on your specific situation.
Question-Answer:
What is the mortgage stress test?
The mortgage stress test is a test that potential home buyers in Canada have to go through in order to determine if they can afford their mortgage payments even if interest rates rise.
How do I calculate my mortgage stress test?
You can calculate your mortgage stress test using Canada’s new calculator. The calculator takes into account your income, expenses, and debts to determine if you can afford your mortgage payments.
What happens if I fail the mortgage stress test?
If you fail the mortgage stress test, it means that you may not be able to afford your mortgage payments if interest rates rise. This can make it more difficult for you to obtain a mortgage and purchase a home.
Can I still get a mortgage if I fail the stress test?
If you fail the mortgage stress test, it can be more challenging to qualify for a mortgage. However, there may still be options available to you, such as working with a mortgage broker or seeking out alternative lenders.
What factors are taken into account when calculating the mortgage stress test?
When calculating the mortgage stress test, factors such as your income, expenses, debts, and current interest rates are taken into account. This helps to determine if you would be able to afford your mortgage payments if interest rates were to rise.